Food-hoarding behavior of gray squirrels and North American red squirrels in the central hardwoods region: implications for forest regeneration

نویسندگان

  • Jacob R. Goheen
  • Robert K. Swihart
چکیده

The North American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) has expanded its geographic range into the state of Indiana concurrently with a decline in populations of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) throughout portions of the central hardwoods region of the United States that have been converted to intensive agriculture. Red squirrels construct larder hoards and function as seed predators throughout much of their geographic range. In contrast, gray squirrels construct scatter hoards and thus function as seed dispersers in addition to eating seeds. We conducted field observations to discern whether hoarding behavior differed between the two species in a deciduous forest stand near the southern limit of the range of red squirrels. Red squirrels were more likely to hoard walnuts and acorns in larders or trees, whereas gray squirrels were more likely to scatter-hoard mast items. We present a simple model to illustrate the potential impact of interspecific differences in hoarding on germination success of black walnut. Our results suggest that red squirrels are unable to compensate completely for the loss of gray squirrels as seed dispersers in portions of the central hardwoods region that have been transformed by agriculture. Résumé : L’écureuil roux d’Amérique du Nord (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) a étendu sa répartition géographique jusque dans l’état d’Indiana, concurremment au déclin de l’écureuil gris (Sciurus carolinensis) dans les régions de la forêt centrale des bois durs des États-Unis qui ont été transformées en zones d’agriculture intensive. Les écureuils roux se construisent des caches alimentaires comme garde-manger et ils sont donc des prédateurs de graines sur la plus grande partie de leur aire de répartition. Les écureuils gris, au contraire, construisent des caches éparpillées et ils servent donc à disperser les graines, bien qu’ils en consomment une partie. Des études de terrain nous ont permis de vérifier si le comportement d’approvisionnement diffère chez les deux espèces dans un boisé de forêt décidue près de la limite australe de la répartition géographique des écureuils roux. Les écureuils roux sont plus susceptibles d’accumuler des noix et des glands dans leurs caches ou dans les arbres, alors que les écureuils gris sont plus susceptibles de disperser des éléments de la faînée. Nous présentons un modèle simple qui illustre l’impact potentiel des différences interspécifiques d’approvisionnement sur le succès de la germination du noyer noir. Nos résultats montrent que les écureuils roux sont incapables de remplir adéquatement le rôle joué antérieurement par les écureuils gris dans la dispersion des graines dans les régions de la forêt centrale de bois durs qui ont été modifiées par l’agriculture. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Goheen and Swihart 1639

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تاریخ انتشار 2003